Money Management & Trading habits:
Maximum 2% risk per pair. What that means is when you calculate your stop losses your stop loss amount has to be within 2% of your account .If the trade goes against you, the maximum you will loose is 2% of your account. This way it also prevents you from getting panic attacks when the trade retrace against you resulting you close the trade pre maturely. If your desired stop losses do not come within 2% of your account don’t take that trade. As I always say, you may miss one trade but there are millions more to come.
You always have to calculate your risk every time before you enter your trades.
Your risk to profit ratio has to be minimum 1:1. That means if you are taking a 2% risk on a trade make sure your profit target would be at least 2%.
Always have realistic targets. My aim is 300 % capital growth per year. The lesser your target is lesser the risk of losing your own money. Even if you have 50% capital growth per year you are doing better than 90% of the worlds biggest hedge funds.
More trades you take the more you expose your account for losses. No trader in this world can profit from every single market move.
Patience plays a big part in trading. Take the trades only if you are at least 90% sure of profiting from it. If you are not sure stay away from the trade. Staying on the sideline is as good as winning.
Never trade against the trend. Specially with a high volatile pair like GBP/JPY. It may give you couple of winning trades. But it’s going to get you in the long run.
Always have a trading strategy ... make a habit to stick to it doesn’t matter how desperate you are. Always trust your strategy but not bloomberg or some statement from citibank. Don’t go with your gut feeling because 95% of the time your gut feeling is wrong.
Your charts are your forex bible. Everything what you need to know about forex is on your charts. You will learn something new everyday from you charts.
Specialize in one or two pairs. Every single pair has it’s own characteristics. No two pairs are the same. Don’t trade all the pairs your broker can offer. If you specialize in one or two pairs very soon you will be able to read the pair like a road map .
Stay away from the ranging markets. There will be enough of trend break outs on this pair than you ever want. Why take any extra risks trying to chase 20 pips on a ranging markets when you can grab 200 pips on a break out.
As Monarc mentioned traders are a greedy bunch. Less greedy once are the most successful once.
Don’t try to chase every single pip or market movement. Have a realistic weekly or monthly target as a percentage of your account . Not the number of pips. If you have already achieved that target stay away from the market. As I mentioned before.. the more you trade there is more risk of losing your money.
The losses are part of the game. Do not try to cover all your previous losses from your next trade. First your trading plan has to include at least 50% of losing trades. Then you can cut down on the number of losing trades while you gain experience and confidence.
When you start you must demo trade at least for the first 3 months to build a trading strategy. Then for the next 3 months trade on a demo account or a micro account and test your strategy coupled with a good money management strategy. When you are fully confident then trade with your real account.
Use minimum account leverage. Don’t abuse it. My recommendation for new traders is maximum one mini lot for every $2500 or one full lot for every $25000.
At last ... remember there is no easy way to become a good consistently profitable trader. No one can become a profitable trader overnight. As everything else in life it takes time, patience lots of sacrifices and learning. Don’t be afraid of mistakes.
It took me 8 months to make my first consistent $100 per week. Since then making money is like a walk in the park.
Tuesday, January 29, 2008
Monday, January 28, 2008
Example of Margin Calculation
How to calculates margin in "real-time" based on the currency pair traded. Margin required is affected by changes in the market rate. For non-dollar based currency pairs the margin required will be converted into U.S. Dollars at the prevailing market price for that pair. For example, the margin required to place a trade of GBP 100,000 should not be, and is not, the same as the margin needed for a trade of US$100,000. Once the equity in an account falls below the margin required to maintain all existing positions, then all open trades will be closed at the prevailing market rates.
Below are two examples of how FX Solutions correctly determines margin:
Example #1:
A client places a trade to sell GBP/USD 100,000 at 1.8850, with GBP/USD trading at 1.8850 / 1.8855. Leverage selected on the account is 100:1.
The Margin required is GBP100,000/100 = GBP 1,000 (NOT $1,000)
Since this currency pair is not Dollar-based the margin must be converted into Dollars to correctly reflect the risk.
GBP 1,000 X 1.88525 (mid-rate of pair traded 1.8850/1.8855) = $1,885.25
The margin required to place this trade would be GBP1,000 or $1,885.25.
Please be aware that this margin is marked-to-market in real time for the life of the trade as per standard market protocol. Therefore, if the GBP/USD mid-price jumped to say, 1.9550 the margin required to maintain the trade would be GBP 1,000 x 1.9550 or $1,955. If the price falls to 1.6500 then the required margin would decrease accordingly.
Example #2:
If a client, with 100:1 leverage, decides to sell USD/JPY 100,000 (a Dollar-based pair) then the margin required would be simply calculated as: $100,000/100 = $1,000
This margin would not change during the life of the trade.
For US based currency pairs:
Margin = (Contract Size/Leverage)
For Non-US based currency pairs:
Margin = [(Contract Size /Leverage) multiplied by the current price]
Sunday, January 20, 2008
Money Management (Pt. I):Controlling Risk and Capturing Profits By Dave Landry
Money management is the process of analyzing trades for risk and potential profits, determining how much risk, if any, is acceptable and managing a trade position (if taken) to control risk and maximize profitability.
Many traders pay lip service to money management while spending the bulk of their time and energy trying to find the perfect (read: imaginary) trading system or entry method. But traders ignore money management at their own peril.
The story of three not-so-wise men
I know of one gentleman who invested about $5,000 on options on a hot stock. Each time the stock rose and the options neared expiration, he would pyramid his position, plowing his profits back into more options. His stake continued to grow so large that he quit his day job.
As he approached the million-dollar mark, I asked him, "Why don't you diversify to protect some of that capital?" He answered that he was going to keep pyramiding his money into the same stock options until he reached three to four million dollars, at which point he would retire and buy a sailboat.
I recently met a second gentleman at a dinner party. He told me that six months ago he began day trading hot stocks. It was so profitable, he said, that he quit a flourishing law practice to trade full time. Amazed at his success, I asked him, "How much do you risk per trade, a half point, one point?" He replied, "Oh no, I don't like to take a loss."
A third gentleman was making his fortune buying the hottest stock(s) on the momentum list(s). He, too, was on the verge of quitting a successful business. When asked about his exit strategy, he replied "I just wait for them to go up." When asked, "What if they go down?" his reply was, "Oh, they always come back."
What ever happened to these "traders?" Gentleman number one is now homeless, and the other two are about to be. They are on the verge of financial devastation and the emotional devastation that goes along with it. This is the cold, hard reality of ignoring risk. How do we avoid following in the footsteps of these foolhardy traders? Three things will prevent this from happening: 1) money management, 2) money management, and 3) money management.
The importance of money management can best be shown through drawdown analysis.
Drawdown
Drawdown is simply the amount of money you lose trading, expressed as a percentage of your total trading equity. If all your trades were profitable, you would never experience a drawdown. Drawdown does not measure overall performance, only the money lost while achieving that performance. Its
calculation begins only with a losing trade and continues as long as the account hits new equity lows.
Suppose you begin with an account of $10,000 and lose $2,000. Your drawdown would be 20%. On the $8,000 that remains, if you subsequently make $1,000, then lose $2,000, you now have a drawdown of 30% ($8,000 + $1,000 - $2,000 = $7,000, a 30% loss on the original equity stake of $10,000). But, if you made $4,000 after the initial $2,000 loss (increasing your account equity to $12,000), then lost another $3,000, your drawdown would be 25% ($12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000, a 25% drop from the new equity high of $12,000).
Maximum drawdown is the largest percentage drop in your account between equity peaks. In other words, it's how much money you lose until you get back to breakeven. If you began with $10,000 and lost $4,000 before getting back to breakeven, your maximum drawdown would be 40%. Keep in mind that no matter how much you are up in your account at any given time--100%, 200%, 300%--a 100% drawdown will wipe out your trading account. This leads us to our next topic: the difficulty of recovering from drawdowns.
Drawdown recovery The best illustration of the importance of money management is the percent gain necessary to recover from a drawdown. Many think that if you lose 10% of your money all you have to do is make a 10% gain to recoup your loss. Unfortunately, this is not true.
Suppose you start with $10,000 and lose 10% ($1,000), which leaves you with $9,000. To get back to breakeven, you would need to make a return of 11.11% on this new account balance, not 10% (10% of $9,000 is only $900--you have to make 11.11% on the $9,000 to recoup the $1,000 lost).
Even worse is that as the drawdowns deepen, the recovery percentage begins to grow geometrically. For example, a 50% loss requires a 100% return just to get back to break even (see Table 1 and Figure 1 for details).
Professional traders and money mangers are well aware of how difficult it is to recover from drawdowns. Those who succeed long term have the utmost respect for risk. They get on top and stay on top, not by being gunslingers and taking huge risks, but by controlling risk through proper money management. Sure, we all like to read about famous traders who parlay small sums into fortunes, but what these stories fail to mention is that many such traders, through lack of respect for risk, are eventually wiped out.
Many traders pay lip service to money management while spending the bulk of their time and energy trying to find the perfect (read: imaginary) trading system or entry method. But traders ignore money management at their own peril.
The story of three not-so-wise men
I know of one gentleman who invested about $5,000 on options on a hot stock. Each time the stock rose and the options neared expiration, he would pyramid his position, plowing his profits back into more options. His stake continued to grow so large that he quit his day job.
As he approached the million-dollar mark, I asked him, "Why don't you diversify to protect some of that capital?" He answered that he was going to keep pyramiding his money into the same stock options until he reached three to four million dollars, at which point he would retire and buy a sailboat.
I recently met a second gentleman at a dinner party. He told me that six months ago he began day trading hot stocks. It was so profitable, he said, that he quit a flourishing law practice to trade full time. Amazed at his success, I asked him, "How much do you risk per trade, a half point, one point?" He replied, "Oh no, I don't like to take a loss."
A third gentleman was making his fortune buying the hottest stock(s) on the momentum list(s). He, too, was on the verge of quitting a successful business. When asked about his exit strategy, he replied "I just wait for them to go up." When asked, "What if they go down?" his reply was, "Oh, they always come back."
What ever happened to these "traders?" Gentleman number one is now homeless, and the other two are about to be. They are on the verge of financial devastation and the emotional devastation that goes along with it. This is the cold, hard reality of ignoring risk. How do we avoid following in the footsteps of these foolhardy traders? Three things will prevent this from happening: 1) money management, 2) money management, and 3) money management.
The importance of money management can best be shown through drawdown analysis.
Drawdown
Drawdown is simply the amount of money you lose trading, expressed as a percentage of your total trading equity. If all your trades were profitable, you would never experience a drawdown. Drawdown does not measure overall performance, only the money lost while achieving that performance. Its
calculation begins only with a losing trade and continues as long as the account hits new equity lows.
Suppose you begin with an account of $10,000 and lose $2,000. Your drawdown would be 20%. On the $8,000 that remains, if you subsequently make $1,000, then lose $2,000, you now have a drawdown of 30% ($8,000 + $1,000 - $2,000 = $7,000, a 30% loss on the original equity stake of $10,000). But, if you made $4,000 after the initial $2,000 loss (increasing your account equity to $12,000), then lost another $3,000, your drawdown would be 25% ($12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000, a 25% drop from the new equity high of $12,000).
Maximum drawdown is the largest percentage drop in your account between equity peaks. In other words, it's how much money you lose until you get back to breakeven. If you began with $10,000 and lost $4,000 before getting back to breakeven, your maximum drawdown would be 40%. Keep in mind that no matter how much you are up in your account at any given time--100%, 200%, 300%--a 100% drawdown will wipe out your trading account. This leads us to our next topic: the difficulty of recovering from drawdowns.
Drawdown recovery The best illustration of the importance of money management is the percent gain necessary to recover from a drawdown. Many think that if you lose 10% of your money all you have to do is make a 10% gain to recoup your loss. Unfortunately, this is not true.
Suppose you start with $10,000 and lose 10% ($1,000), which leaves you with $9,000. To get back to breakeven, you would need to make a return of 11.11% on this new account balance, not 10% (10% of $9,000 is only $900--you have to make 11.11% on the $9,000 to recoup the $1,000 lost).
Even worse is that as the drawdowns deepen, the recovery percentage begins to grow geometrically. For example, a 50% loss requires a 100% return just to get back to break even (see Table 1 and Figure 1 for details).
Professional traders and money mangers are well aware of how difficult it is to recover from drawdowns. Those who succeed long term have the utmost respect for risk. They get on top and stay on top, not by being gunslingers and taking huge risks, but by controlling risk through proper money management. Sure, we all like to read about famous traders who parlay small sums into fortunes, but what these stories fail to mention is that many such traders, through lack of respect for risk, are eventually wiped out.
Saturday, January 19, 2008
Proxy server from Wikipedia
 | This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. WikiProject Technology or the Technology Portal may be able to help recruit one. |
In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application program) which services the requests of its clients by forwarding requests to other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource, available from a different server. The proxy server provides the resource by connecting to the specified server and requesting the service on behalf of the client. A proxy server may optionally alter the client's request or the server's response, and sometimes it may serve the request without contacting the specified server. In this case, it would 'cache' the first request to the remote server, so it could save the information for later, and make everything as fast as possible.
A proxy server that passes all requests and replies unmodified is usually called a gateway or sometimes tunneling proxy.
A proxy server can be placed in the user's local computer or at specific key points between the user and the destination servers or the Internet.
[edit] Types and functions
Proxy servers implement one or more of the following functions:
[edit] Caching proxy server
A proxy server can service requests without contacting the specified server, by retrieving content saved from a previous request, made by the same client or even other clients. This is called caching. Caching proxies keep local copies of frequently requested resources, allowing large organizations and Internet Service Providers to significantly reduce their upstream bandwidth usage and cost, while significantly increasing performance. There are well-defined rules for caching. Some poorly-implemented caching proxies have had downsides (e.g., an inability to use user authentication). Some problems are described in RFC 3143 (Known HTTP Proxy/Caching Problems).
[edit] Web proxy
Proxies that focus on WWW traffic are called web proxy. The most common use of a web proxy is to serve as a web cache and most (e.g. Squid, NetCache) provide a means to deny access to certain set URLs on a blacklist providing, for example, content filtering in a corporate environment. Some web proxies reformat web pages for a specific purpose or audience (e.g., cell phones and PDAs)
Access control: Some proxy servers implement a logon requirement. In large organizations, authorized users must log on to gain access to the web. The organization can thereby track usage to individuals.
[edit] Anonymizing proxy server
An anonymous proxy server (sometimes called a web proxy) generally attempt to anonymize web surfing. There are different varieties of anonymizers.
[edit] Hostile proxy
Proxies can also be installed by online criminals, in order to eavesdrop upon the dataflow between the client machine and the web. All accessed pages, as well as all forms submitted, can be captured and analyzed by the proxy operator. For this reason, passwords to online services (such as webmail and banking) should be changed if an unauthorized proxy is detected.
[edit] Intercepting proxy server
An intercepting proxy (also known as a "transparent proxy") combines a proxy server with a Gateway. Connections made by client browsers through the gateway are redirected through the proxy without client-side configuration (or often knowledge).
Intercepting proxies are commonly used in businesses to prevent avoidance of acceptable use policy, and to ease administrative burden, since no client browser configuration is required.
It is often possible to detect the use of an intercepting proxy server by comparing the external IP address to the address seen by an external web server, or by examining the HTTP headers on the server side.
[edit] Transparent and non-transparent proxy server
The term "transparent proxy" is most often used incorrectly to mean "intercepting proxy" (because the client does not need to configure a proxy and cannot directly detect that its requests are being proxied).
However, RFC 2616 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1) offers different definitions:
- "A 'transparent proxy' is a proxy that does not modify the request or response beyond what is required for proxy authentication and identification.
- "A 'non-transparent proxy' is a proxy that modifies the request or response in order to provide some added service to the user agent, such as group annotation services, media type transformation, protocol reduction, or anonymity filtering."
[edit] Forced proxy
The term "forced proxy" is ambiguous. It means both "intercepting proxy" (because it filters all traffic on the only available gateway to the Internet) and its exact opposite, "non-intercepting proxy" (because the user is forced to configure a proxy in order to access the Internet).
Forced proxy operation is sometimes necessary due to issues with the interception of TCP connections and HTTP. For instance interception of HTTP requests can affect the usability of a proxy cache, and can greatly affect certain authentication mechanisms. This is primarily because the client thinks it is talking to a server, and so request headers required by a proxy are unable to be distinguished from headers that may be required by an upstream server (esp authorization headers). Also the HTTP specification prohibits caching of responses where the request contained an authorization header.
[edit] Open proxy server
Because proxies might be used for abuse, system administrators have developed a number of ways to refuse service to open proxies. IRC networks such as the Blitzed network automatically test client systems for known types of open proxy. Likewise, an email server may be configured to automatically test e-mail senders for open proxies, using software such as Michael Tokarev's proxycheck.
Groups of IRC and electronic mail operators run DNSBLs publishing lists of the IP addresses of known open proxies, such as AHBL, CBL, NJABL, and SORBS.
The ethics of automatically testing clients for open proxies are controversial. Some experts, such as Vernon Schryver, consider such testing to be equivalent to an attacker portscanning the client host. [1] Others consider the client to have solicited the scan by connecting to a server whose terms of service include testing.
[edit] Split proxy server
A split proxy is a proxy implemented as two programs installed on two different computers. Since they are effectively two parts of the same program, they can communicate with each other in a more efficient way than they can communicate with a more standard resource or tool such as a website or browser. This is ideal for compressing data over a slow link, such as a wireless or mobile data service, as well as for reducing the issues regarding high latency links (such as satellite internet) where establishing a TCP connection is time consuming.
Taking the example of web browsing, the user's browser is pointed to a local proxy which then communicates with its other half at some remote location. This remote server fetches the requisite data, repackages it, and sends it back to the user's local proxy, which then unpacks the data and presents it to the browser in the standard fashion.
Some Web accelerators are proxy servers. Some reduce the quality of JPEG images to speed transmission. Some use a split proxy with special protocols and local and remote caching. (See Google Web Accelerator.)
[edit] Reverse proxy server
A reverse proxy is a proxy server that is installed in the neighborhood of one or more web servers. All traffic coming from the Internet and with a destination of one of the web servers goes through the proxy server. There are several reasons for installing reverse proxy servers:
- Security: the proxy server is an additional layer of defense and therefore protects the web servers further up the chain.
- Encryption / SSL acceleration: when secure web sites are created, the SSL encryption is often not done by the web server itself, but by a reverse proxy that is equipped with SSL acceleration hardware. See Secure Sockets Layer.
- Load balancing: the reverse proxy can distribute the load to several web servers, each web server serving its own application area. In such a case, the reverse proxy may need to rewrite the URLs in each web page (translation from externally known URLs to the internal locations).
- Serve/cache static content: A reverse proxy can offload the web servers by caching static content like pictures and other static graphical content.
- Compression: the proxy server can optimize and compress the content to speed up the load time.
- Spoon feeding: reduces resource usage caused by slow clients on the web servers by caching the content the web server sent and slowly "spoon feeds" it to the client. This especially benefits dynamically generated pages.
- Extranet Publishing: a reverse proxy server facing the Internet can be used to communicate to a firewalled server internal to an organisation, providing extranet access to some functions while keeping the servers behind the firewalls.
[edit] Circumventor
A circumventor is a method of defeating blocking policies implemented using proxy servers. Ironically, most circumventors are also proxy servers, of varying degrees of sophistication, which effectively implement "bypass policies".
A circumventor is a web-based page that takes a site that is blocked and "circumvents" it through to an unblocked web site, allowing the user to view blocked pages. A famous example is 'elgooG', which allowed users in China to use Google after it had been blocked there. elgooG differs from most circumventors in that it circumvents only one block.
Students are able to access blocked sites (games, chatrooms, messenger, offensive material, internet pornography, etc.) through a circumventor. As fast as the filtering software blocks circumventors, others spring up. It should be noted, however, that in some cases the filter may still intercept traffic to the circumventor, thus the person who manages the filter can still see the sites that are being visited.
Circumventors are also used by people who have been blocked from a web site.
Another use of a circumventor is to allow access to country-specific services, so that Internet users from other countries may also make use of them. An example is country-restricted reproduction of media and webcasting.
The use of circumventors is usually safe with the exception that circumventor sites run by an untrusted third party can be run with hidden intentions, such as collecting personal information, and as a result users are typically advised against running personal data such as credit card numbers or passwords through a circumventor.
[edit] At schools and offices
Many work places and schools are cracking down on the web sites and online services that are made available in their buildings. Since circumventors are used to bypass censors in computers, web sites like MySpace, Bebo, Xanga, Silkroad Online, YouTube, Miniclip, Facebook, and other non-work or school related social web sites have become targets of mass banning.
Proxy Web server creators have become more clever allowing users to encrypt links, and any data going to and from other web servers. This allows users to access websites that would otherwise have been blocked.
A special case of web proxies are "CGI proxies". These are web sites that allow a user to access a site through them. They generally use PHP or CGI to implement the proxying functionality. CGI proxies are frequently used to gain access to web sites blocked by corporate or school proxies. Since they also hide the user's own IP address from the web sites they access through the proxy, they are sometimes also used to gain a degree of anonymity, called "Proxy Avoidance".
[edit] Managed 'clean-pipe' proxy servers
Used in an increasing number of work-places, especially those with multiple Internet breakout points. Currently an emerging technology to rival in-house, hardware solutions. Many consider this a branch of Software as a Service or Security as a Service. Providers include AT&T and ScanSafe.
[edit] Risks of using anonymous proxy servers
In using a proxy server (for example, anonymizing HTTP proxy), all data sent to the service being used (for example, HTTP server in a website) must pass through the proxy server before being sent to the service, mostly in unencrypted form. It is therefore possible, and has been demonstrated, for a malicious proxy server to record everything sent to the proxy: including unencrypted logins and passwords.
By chaining proxies which do not reveal data about the original requester, it is possible to obfuscate activities from the eyes of the user's destination. However, more traces will be left on the intermediate hops, which could be used or offered up to trace the user's activities. If the policies and administrators of these other proxies are unknown, the user may fall victim to a false sense of security just because those details are out of sight and mind.
The bottom line of this is to be wary when using proxy servers, and only use proxy servers of known integrity (e.g., the owner is known and trusted, has a clear privacy policy, etc.), and never use proxy servers of unknown integrity. If there is no choice but to use unknown proxy servers, do not pass any private information (unless it is properly encrypted) through the proxy.
In what is more of an inconvenience than a risk, proxy users may find themselves being blocked from certain Web sites, as numerous forums and Web sites block IP addresses from proxies known to have spammed or trolled the proksi Proxy software
- AlchemyPoint is a user-programmable mashup proxy server that can be used to re-write web pages, emails, instant messenger messages, and other network transmissions on the fly.
- The Apache HTTP Server can be configured to act as a proxy server.
- Blue Coat's (formerly Cacheflow's) purpose-built SGOS proxies 15 protocols including HTTPS/SSL, has an extensive policy engine and runs on a range of appliances from branch-office to enterprise.
- JAP - A local proxy, web anonymizer software connecting to proxy server chains of different organisations
- FreeProxy - A popular caching proxy freely available for Windows servers for HTTP, SOCKs, FTP, NNTP proxying.
- IceWarp Mail Server includes web server with HTTP proxy which can be configured to screen all traffic with integrated antivirus and/or an external scanner.
- Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server is a product that runs on Windows 2000/2003 servers and combines the functions of both a proxy server a firewall.
- Nginx Web and Reverse proxy server, that can act as POP3 proxy server.
- PHProxy is a Web HTTP proxy programmed in PHP to bypass firewalls and other proxy restrictions through a Web interface very similar to the popular CGIProxy.
- Polipo is a caching web proxy with support for the more advanced features of HTTP/1.1.
- Privoxy is a free, open source web proxy with privacy and ad-blocking features.
- PHProxy Live A great integration of the popular PHProxy put to use.
- Proxomitron - User-configurable web proxy used to re-write web pages on the fly. Most noted for blocking ads, but has many other useful features.
- SSH Secure Shell can be configured to proxify a connection, by setting up a SOCKS proxy on the client, and tunneling the traffic through the SSH connection.
- Sun Java System Web Proxy Server is a caching proxy server running on Solaris, Linux and Windows servers that supports HTTP/S, NSAPI I/O filters, dynamic reconfiguration, SOCKSv5 and reverse proxy.
- Squid cache is a popular HTTP proxy server in the UNIX/Linux world.
- Tor - A proxy-based anonymizing Internet communication system.
- Varnish is a high-performance HTTP accelerator with some features comparable to squid.
- WinGate is a multi-protocol proxy server and NAT solution that can be used to redirect any kind of traffic on a Microsoft Windows host. It also provides firewall, VPN and mail server functionality. Its WWW proxy supports integrated windows authentication, intercepting proxy, and multi-host reverse-proxying.
- WWWOFFLE has been around since the mid-1990s, and was developed for storing online data for offline use.
- yProxy is a NNTP proxy server that converts yEnc encoded message attachments to UUEncoding, complete with SSL client support.
[edit] See also
External links
To enter wbsite blocked by provider you can enter with website that offering proxyserver, such as www.youhide.com.Tuesday, January 15, 2008
Why my car relay (for radiator fan) is hot?
Scour in internet found several similar problem why the relay is too hot. Even the socket and the relay melt.
Subject: Fuel Injection Relay HOT
Question
I have a 87 740 Turbo. I just replaced the Fuel Injection Relay, Ignition Amplifier, and several wires with lost or cracking insulation. The brown wire that connects Fuse #1 (Fuel Pump, Fuel Injection System) was burnt/melted at the terminal of the Fuel Injection Relay - and the Relay itself was burnt along its side. The wire holder that the relay plugs into was even melted at the brown wire termial and the terminal along side. I replaced everything, but my new relay is still getting very very HOT. Should this Fuel Injection relay become so hot. One more note, I cannot connect my fast idle switch, if I do the car's idle shoots up to 3000 rpm in Park, but will drop to 1000rpm in gear. I replaced the idle switch, still the same results. HELP!
Answer
Hello Chris, Well sounds like theres a real strong current draw to pull through that relay, I would be checking may fuel pump for abnormal heat.Remember that the fuel is generally cool.Also because excess pressure may be at the root here,the known failure of the fuel pressure reg. ,could be blocked up on the return sd. of things.Causing the fuel pump to 'pumping against itself' kinda thing.The ground pts. are 1. under the rear seat bottom,left sd. 2. at the intake manifold and there should be 1 or 2 braided wire grds.from the firewall to the last valve cover nuts.As for the idle problem, the 'idle motor' is maybe stuck in the 'wide open'position and cleaning it with carb cleaner can help.If not then replacement is in order.Thank you and good hunting!
OBSERVATION
This evening i realise that the radiator fan is quite heavy to spin compare to the other one. I think the fan itself is come to its end of it expirery date. I want to change the fan first and let see.
Subject: Fuel Injection Relay HOT
Question
I have a 87 740 Turbo. I just replaced the Fuel Injection Relay, Ignition Amplifier, and several wires with lost or cracking insulation. The brown wire that connects Fuse #1 (Fuel Pump, Fuel Injection System) was burnt/melted at the terminal of the Fuel Injection Relay - and the Relay itself was burnt along its side. The wire holder that the relay plugs into was even melted at the brown wire termial and the terminal along side. I replaced everything, but my new relay is still getting very very HOT. Should this Fuel Injection relay become so hot. One more note, I cannot connect my fast idle switch, if I do the car's idle shoots up to 3000 rpm in Park, but will drop to 1000rpm in gear. I replaced the idle switch, still the same results. HELP!
Answer
Hello Chris, Well sounds like theres a real strong current draw to pull through that relay, I would be checking may fuel pump for abnormal heat.Remember that the fuel is generally cool.Also because excess pressure may be at the root here,the known failure of the fuel pressure reg. ,could be blocked up on the return sd. of things.Causing the fuel pump to 'pumping against itself' kinda thing.The ground pts. are 1. under the rear seat bottom,left sd. 2. at the intake manifold and there should be 1 or 2 braided wire grds.from the firewall to the last valve cover nuts.As for the idle problem, the 'idle motor' is maybe stuck in the 'wide open'position and cleaning it with carb cleaner can help.If not then replacement is in order.Thank you and good hunting!
Volkswagen Relay for a Better Current Flow
(Still in topic; relay hot)Volkswagen cars have developed millions of loyal followers around the world because of their efficiency and affordability. The overall performance of a Volkswagen car depends primarily on the proper maintenance of its parts. And parts that can usually have the problem with burning and overheating are the parts that make use of electricity or current. An example is the relay.
In your Volkswagen car, a relay lets you switch a device which draws more current than is provided by an output of a switch or component. The relay allows you to switch devices such as headlights, parking lights, horns, engine computer, etc. with low amperage outputs. A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under control of another electrical circuit. Originally, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835. It is also considered as an electrical amplifier since it is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit. Relays are also used in various kinds of ways. These are: to control high-voltage with a low voltage signal; to control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal; to conserve energy; to perform logic functions; to perform time delay functions and to isolate the controlling circuit from the controlled circuit when the two are at different potentials.
Connector failures, like the connections to a relay, are usually the cause of most automotive electrical and electronic components. The current flow through the relay heats up the relay, which in turn heats up the connector. The connector looses its grip with the relay and as the connector itself begins to overheat from its new resistance to current flow. Before you know it, you already smell something hot or burning and later on, you'll be seeing the plastic around the connector melting. Eventually, the relay itself fails.
Let's take for an example the relay of the Digital Motor Electronics (DME), an automotive engine control system. Among the symptoms of a failing DME relay is difficulty or failure in starting the engine when it has been shut down and the tendency of the engine to suddenly die while driving down the road. Another example is the fuel pump relay. Basically, a hot relay is a bad relay. It should not be hot, even though the fuel is drawing too much current. However, a relay failure in this situation can also be attributed to a cold solder joint, bad crimp joint and bad relay contacts. Among the indicators of a fuel pump relay failure are a no-start engine and usually a burnt smell.
A relay failure can either be fixable or non-fixable. So it's important to inspect them every now and then and replace them when the need arises to avoid danger and further damage.
OBSERVATION
This evening i realise that the radiator fan is quite heavy to spin compare to the other one. I think the fan itself is come to its end of it expirery date. I want to change the fan first and let see.
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Car radiator cooling fan
Question: 1999 Ford Taurus V6 3.0 mileage: 65,000. When I put the air-conditioner on it works fine until the condenser heats up at which time the clutch slips. The problem is that the fan under the hood does not come on when the air is turned on. What activates this fan to come on when the air is turned on?
Answer: First, check for 12-volts to the fan motor when the air-conditioning is on. Also, check the wiring for damage and poor ground connections. The fan is controlled by an integrated controller. You may need a cooling fan motor.
Question: 2001 Ford Foucs mileage: 87,000. I have had to replace the cooling fan relays about three times within the past year. What do you think could be causing the relays to go bad so quickly?
Answer: If the cooling fan motor is starting to fail, it will pull extra AMPS through the relay causing it to fail prematurely.
Question: 1999 New Yorker mileage: 85,000. My cooling fan relay is bad. Can you tell me where the relay/circuit is located? I can't find a diagram or picture for the life of me. My Haynes manual shows a later model picture. There are 3 possible boxes located toward the front right under the hood of course.
Answer: It is located on the left inner finder panel in a group of relays. Counting from the left, it is the second relay.
Question: 2002 Ford Mustang mileage: 65,000. I'm having a problem with the electric cooling fan. The fan will not come on which causes the car to run hot. The fan motor works when straight wired to the battery. It also works if I remove the wire from the electric fan switch and ground it. During troubleshooting I have replaced the electric fan switch, the a/c-cooling fan module and air temperature sensor. This is why I replaced the fan switch. Also note that the a/c compressor does not kick in, unless I jumper it at the accumulator press switch. When this is done the compressor kicks in and the electric fan kicks in, remove the jumper and compressor kicks out (like it should) and the fan runs for a few seconds (like it should) before cutting off. Also note the code scanner does not give any trouble codes. It all checks out fine. What have I missed? I have spent numerous hours troubleshooting and looking at wiring diagrams, with very small print, I'm stumped!
Answer: We would check for a faulty radiator cap.
Question: 2001 Saturn SL2 DOHC mileage: 78,000. The electric cooling fan is not engaging. The fuse is ok, the relay works fine, and the temperature gauge is measuring the coolant temperature correctly. I assume there is a sensor somewhere that is not working but I cannot locate it.
Answer: Test to verify that the fan motor is not burned out.
Question: 2004 Isuzu Rodeo mileage: 35,000. I am having a problem with my fan/blower. I can tell that the air is hot when using the heater and cold when using the AC, but the fan will not blow. I checked the fuse and also changed it and it still doesn't work.
Answer: Check for 12-volts at the blower motor. If 12 volts is present, replace the blower motor. If not, check for a faulty relay or fan switch.
Question: 1999 S10 Chevrolet mileage: 63,000. How do I remove the fan/clutch from my truck? It does not have 4 bolts, instead it is held in place by one large nut that screws on to the water pump shaft. There is no way to hold the water pump shaft still to loosen the fan/clutch.
Answer: It sounds as if you have removed the fan belt. If you have, reinstall the belt and use it to hold the pulley as you loosen the fan clutch nut.
Question: 1999 Nissan Altima mileage: 95,500. My fans never work; only when the a/c is on do they turn on and off like they’re supposed to. What could that be?
Answer: There is a temperature sensor that signals the fans to come on when the cooling system gets warm. Your coolant sensor may be faulty or disconnected.
Question: 2003 Toyota 4 Runner 48,000 miles. I try to do a lot of the maintenance myself by referencing my most prized car repair possession- "How to keep your Toyota alive for the complete idiot.” It has saved me an armor truckload of money. Anyway, when I cold start her, the fan sounds as if it is loose and making rattling noises until I get it on the road, eventually eliminating the sound. Could this be the sign of the fan clutch needing replacing? Appreciate any advice guys.
Answer: Without actually “seeing” your vehicle and driving it, it is difficult to diagnose the problem. We are guessing that you may be right – it could be the fan clutch. With the engine off, and cold, grab a hold of the fan blade and move it back and forth to see if the is any movement in the fan clutch. If there is, replacing the fan clutch should fix your problem.
Question: 1994 BMW 318ti. How do I get the fan clutch off? Already have the radiator off and out of the way. I need to install a new fan. Thanks for any help in this regard.
Answer: The fan clutch unscrews off the water pump, however it has reversed threads (left handed threads).
Question: 2003 Dodge Caravan mileage: 41,000. Just recently the engine will run hot when not moving. When moving ever thing is fine. I know the fans are not coming on. Even with the A/C on the fans are not coming on so I do not think it is the temperature sensing device. I have tested the fans by hot-wiring them. They both come on fine. The fan fuse (40 amp) is fine by all appearance. I believe it to be the relay or control module. The relay I can do if I can find it! Where do they hide that thing exactly and what does it look like.
In another Q&A, you said it is by the fan. The only thing by the fan in my case is a small connection. I have not "pulled" it apart because it is hard to get apart. It is fed power from a mass of wires all connected together. By the way, on both sides of this connection is voltage ~6.4 volts when the A/C is on. (For ease of testing, I never let the radiator temp get to the cycle on temperature. I was using the A/C compressor to request for the fans to be on.) Does this sound like the relay? If so, please give exact description of location and appearance. Thanks.
Answer: What you are looking for is on the frame rail on the driver’s side front by the radiator. It is a solid-state speed control although Dodge calls it a relay.
Question: 1996 Mercury Tracer, mile: 56,000. The cooling fan will not stop running. I already replaced the temperature sensor but it did not fix the problem. I have read that for air-conditioned cars, there is a fan controller but I do not know where to find it or what it looks like. Another problem is the blower fan; it will not blow any air. I already tested the fan, it runs in another car so it works, and I do not know what else can be wrong with it because the fuses are fine, and all the connections are well plugged.
Answer: First off, the fan control is located behind the glove box. It is approximately 3 inches by 4 inches and black in color. Secondly, the blower fan problem is probably a faulty fan switch or the resister block for the blower motor.
Question: 2004 Mercedes CL600 mileage: 30,000. I am having problem with my heater. I can tell that the air is hot but the fan is not blowing it out. I checked the fuse and also changed it and it still doesn't work. I am trying to find the fan itself and am having trouble finding it. Can you help me with this?
Answer: It is under the dash, in the heater ductwork and repair as needed.
Question: 2002 Toyota Avalon mileage: 40,000. Without warning, the air conditioner & fans quit working. This car has an outside air temp display & it suddenly does not show a temperature reading. I checked every fuse I could fine with a meter. All ok. The car starts & runs fine & all other electrical works ok, i.e., lights, rear defroster, windows, door locks, seats. It is equipped with an auto mode for the air with a temperature adjustment that will control the blower speeds. This is not working, or if you try to punch manual blower speeds, (each button will light up) but will not turn fan on, or if you push the ac button, will not work or light up. No engine service light either? Thanks!
Answer: Check wiring for damage or loose connections. Check ground connections.
Question: 2001 Oldsmobile Alero mileage: 66,000. The radiator fan is not working properly; the fan motor goes on and off way too much. I have noticed when the motor goes on and off a clicking noise is coming from a relay located on the firewall. It almost acts like there is a short in the wiring. I have tried a new relay but this did not fix the problem. Do you have any suggestions? I am hoping this is something minor and a simple fix. Thanks for any help you may have for me.
Answer: With engine cold, remove radiator cap and check coolant level. If okay, scan computer to check coolant sensor.
Question: 1999 Ford Windstar, mileage: 110,000. The heater/air-conditioning fan does not appear to have enough volume blowing out the vents. I put on new fan and washed out the air conditioning coil, but it didn't appear to help. I also straight wired the fan directly from the battery to see if it was an electrical problem in the speed control. The volume didn't change. Any suggestions would be appreciated.
Answer: The “doors” in the heater ducts may not be opening. Check vacuum hoses for leaks or loose connections in the engine compartment.
Question: 1999 Dodge Caravan mileage: 87,000. The fans are not working. Our Dodge overheated as a result. Can you tell us -- where to locate the relay sensor to this van? Or what do you think the reason could be that the fans are not working? Our engine light is also staying on also. Any ideas on how to get our fans working? Thanks
Answer: The fan control module/relay is probably faulty. It is located by the radiator fan, the part is a dealer item. The “check engine” light will “light” when there is a malfunction in the engine management system. The fault code is then stored in the computer. The computer must be scanned to retrieve these stored faults to pinpoint the malfunctioning component. Because the check engine light indicates something is wrong, a trip to you neighborhood automobile service center sooner rather than later is recommended.
Question: 2002 Mitsubishi Montero mileage: 46,000. My car is running hotter but so far, it has not overheated but has been very close to being in the red according to my temperature gauge. This is a fairly recent change. My car stays cool when it is out on the highway but when I'm in town or stuck in traffic it gets a lot hotter. I have also observed that my radiator fan no longer works. Can I assume that if my radiator fan worked, my car would not be running hotter and how easy is it to fix. I believe I have two fuses for the radiator fan in a fuse box under the hood and I think there is a temperature-sending switch that might be easy to replace on my own. Please let me know your thoughts on this issue.
Answer: You have nailed you problem exactly. Nice work!
fuel economy problem
Fuel economy and likely faulty part or sources.
Question: 2003 Ford Pickup F-150 mileage: 70,000. My truck has two gas tanks. Front tank is slightly larger than the back. Noticed a drop in fuel economy lately (past few months). Started checking, front tank gets the usual 17-mpg. Back tank varies from 11 to 13. No fuel leaks (at least not when it is sitting in garage). No fuel smell. Runs good. Any suggestions? I checked your previously answered questions but didn't see anything quite the same. Thank you for your time!
Answer: Your problem with the fuel monitoring system, check the oxygen sensors and the mass air flow sensor.
Question: 2002 Ford Thunderbird mileage: 71,000. Hi guys. I have a gas consumption problem with this car that I have had since I purchased it a year ago with 55,000 miles on it. I only get 200 miles out of a tank of gas. It has an 18-gallon tank. This is involving mostly expressway driving, very little city. I average around 14 mpg, which is abysmal. Taken it to several Ford dealerships, which test and say according to their diagnostic computer, I should be getting 26.7 mpg. The car runs perfectly, except for an occasional shudder coming from the transmission. There are no gas leaks at all. The dealerships don't know what's wrong with the car, so I am hoping you can steer me in the right direction.
Answer: Try replacing the Mass Air Flow Sensor and the fuel filter.
Question: 1999 Lincoln Mk VIII mileage: 128,000. I have just had the transmission rebuilt in this car and now I have developed two problems that did not exist prior to the rebuild. The first is that I get an intermittent "check engine" light. This comes on usually after 3 minutes and goes off and on with no pattern as to engine/speed. The second is that my gas mileage has gone from 22-24 mpg avg. to 16.5 or less. The error codes and the computer have been reset but the light keeps coming on and the mileage is horrible. The shop replaced one of my oxygen sensors at their expense believing they had somehow damaged it during the rebuild. My transmission shifts as if new and there seems to be no problem with the rebuild. The engine is running smoothly and has plenty of power and all normal startup computer checks read OK. Any thoughts on where to look/things to try would be helpful.
Answer: We think you have a Mass Air Flow Sensor that is out of range and needs to be replaced.
Question: 1999 Chevrolet 1500, miles: 145,000 I have replaced plugs, alternator, belts, changed oil, cleaned injection, and replaced fuel sensor, and my car is consuming too much gas. It uses almost 3/4 of a tank of gas to drive 50 miles. How can I repair my car so it doesn't use so much gas?
Answer: Check fuel pump and Mass Air Flow Sensor.
Monday, January 14, 2008
Sunday, January 13, 2008
EA...
I'm looking for suitable EA. Having tested several EA. Some EA produce good result and another bad result. But to maintain constant profit with one EA is quite a hard task.
2 EA in my observation right now. One is still under testing and another will be the next.
2 EA in my observation right now. One is still under testing and another will be the next.
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